保險單據(jù)與海運(yùn)提單背書的區(qū)別和關(guān)系


在CIF價格條件成交下，提單的背書關(guān)系到貨物所有權(quán)的歸屬，而保險單據(jù)的背書關(guān)系到在被保險貨物出險后對保險公司及其代理人的索賠權(quán)和合理的補(bǔ)償權(quán)。這是提單的背書和保險單據(jù)的背書的不同作用。因此有了貨物所有權(quán)不等于有了對保險公司或其代理人的索賠權(quán)和合理的補(bǔ)償權(quán)。所以，出險后在掌握了提單同時又掌握了保險單據(jù)的情況下，才能真正的掌握貨物所有權(quán)。一般來說保險單據(jù)的背書應(yīng)該與提單的背書保持一致，即通過背書，前者的轉(zhuǎn)讓范圍應(yīng)等于或者大于后者的轉(zhuǎn)讓范圍。如果提單做成記名背書，保險單可以做成同樣內(nèi)容的記名背書，但是也可以做成空白背書。同樣提單如果做成空白背書，保險單據(jù)也該做成空白背書。如中國銀行香港分行來證，提單和保險單據(jù)都作成同樣內(nèi)容的記名背書“full set of at least three signed copies of clean on board ocean bill of lading show beneficiary as shipper, made out to order of shipper, and endorsed to the order of hangseng bank ltd hongkong...".

insurance policies or certificates in negotiable form. in duplicete and endorsed to the order of hangseng bank ltd, hongkong...".

又如新加坡達(dá)利銀行來證，提單做成記名背書保險單據(jù)作成空白背書，“full set of clean”shipped on board “ocean bills of lading made out to order and endorsed to the order of tat lee bank limited singapore marked”“freight prepaid and notify accounte”，“insurance policies /certificates endorsed in blank for 110% of the invoice value coving...”

同樣如果提單作成空白背書，保險單據(jù)也應(yīng)該作成空白背書。

在FOB合CFR價格條件成交下，由買方投保。 如買方需要轉(zhuǎn)讓提單，保險單據(jù)也要轉(zhuǎn)讓，兩者的轉(zhuǎn)讓范圍如上所說必須保持一致。在被保貨物出險后，保單持有人憑藉保單向保險公司索賠并取得合理的補(bǔ)償。